IPSec - Key Exchange Data

Security - WPA 4-way handshake


A cryptographic nonce is a randomly selected number that can be used only once in a cryptographic communication.  The word nonce is a concatenation of "number once".  A nonce typically used by an authentication protocol to ensure that old communications cannot be reused in replay attacks.  They are also used as cryptographic hash functions.

[IPSec](/ipsec) uses nonces as an authentication method to authenticate a remote peer.

## Links

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce

https://community.cisco.com/t5/vpn/what-is-nonce-in-ipsec/m-p/1899615/highlight/true#M64843

Security - IPsec nonce

STP - port identification

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STP contents of a BPDU

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STP fine tuning the spanning tree protocol

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STP how to find the root bridge

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STP topology change process

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Security - IPsec nonce

Links

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