TFTP

TFTP, or Trivial File Transfer Protocol, is a simple file transfer protocol used for transferring files. It's a less complex protocol than FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and lacks many of the features provided by more robust file transfer methods. Here are some key characteristics and details about TFTP:

  1. UDP-Based: Unlike FTP, which uses TCP, TFTP operates over UDP (User Datagram Protocol) on port 69. This means TFTP does not establish a connection like TCP-based protocols and does not have the inherent error-checking and recovery methods of TCP.
  2. Simplicity: TFTP is designed to be lightweight and easy to implement, which is why it's often used in boot servers and embedded systems where only basic file transfer functionality is needed.
  3. Lack of Authentication: One of the biggest differences between TFTP and FTP is that TFTP does not provide any authentication. Anyone can request or send a file if they know the file name and the TFTP server's address. This poses a security risk if used in uncontrolled environments.
  4. Limited Operations: TFTP essentially supports only three operations: read requests, write requests, and error notifications. Because of its simplicity, features like directory listings or complex file management commands are not supported.
  5. Error Handling: While TFTP does not have the robust error handling of TCP-based protocols, it does have basic error handling in the form of acknowledgments and retries. If a packet is lost or arrives out of sequence, the TFTP protocol has mechanisms to handle and rectify it.
  6. Use Cases: Due to its simplicity and lack of security features, TFTP is primarily used in specific scenarios where simplicity is more important than features or security. Examples include:
    • Firmware or configuration updates on routers and switches.
    • Network booting.
    • Remote booting and system recovery in minimal environments.
  7. Security: Because of its lack of authentication and encryption, TFTP is generally considered insecure for general-purpose file transfer over the internet. However, in controlled environments, like an isolated internal network, it can be used safely.

https://networklessons.com/cisco/ccna-200-301//upgrade-cisco-ios-image#TFTP

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