TFTP
TFTP, or Trivial File Transfer Protocol, is a simple file transfer protocol used for transferring files. It's a less complex protocol than FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and lacks many of the features provided by more robust file transfer methods. Here are some key characteristics and details about TFTP:
- UDP-Based: Unlike FTP, which uses TCP, TFTP operates over UDP (User Datagram Protocol) on port 69. This means TFTP does not establish a connection like TCP-based protocols and does not have the inherent error-checking and recovery methods of TCP.
- Simplicity: TFTP is designed to be lightweight and easy to implement, which is why it's often used in boot servers and embedded systems where only basic file transfer functionality is needed.
- Lack of Authentication: One of the biggest differences between TFTP and FTP is that TFTP does not provide any authentication. Anyone can request or send a file if they know the file name and the TFTP server's address. This poses a security risk if used in uncontrolled environments.
- Limited Operations: TFTP essentially supports only three operations: read requests, write requests, and error notifications. Because of its simplicity, features like directory listings or complex file management commands are not supported.
- Error Handling: While TFTP does not have the robust error handling of TCP-based protocols, it does have basic error handling in the form of acknowledgments and retries. If a packet is lost or arrives out of sequence, the TFTP protocol has mechanisms to handle and rectify it.
- Use Cases: Due to its simplicity and lack of security features, TFTP is primarily used in specific scenarios where simplicity is more important than features or security. Examples include:
- Firmware or configuration updates on routers and switches.
- Network booting.
- Remote booting and system recovery in minimal environments.
- Security: Because of its lack of authentication and encryption, TFTP is generally considered insecure for general-purpose file transfer over the internet. However, in controlled environments, like an isolated internal network, it can be used safely.
Links:
https://networklessons.com/cisco/ccna-routing-switching-icnd1-100-105/upgrade-cisco-ios-image#TFTP